Databricks

Databricks — the lakehouse company founded by the creators of Apache Spark.

Data Warehouses

Cloud data warehouses are purpose-built analytical databases that store structur...

Snowflake

Snowflake — the dominant independent cloud data warehouse.

Databricks SQL Warehouse

Databricks SQL is the lakehouse's warehouse impersonation -- a high-performance ...

Snowflake Data Cloud

Snowflake's umbrella branding for its unified platform spanning data warehousing...

Apache Spark (Databricks)

Apache Spark is the distributed processing engine that Databricks was founded to...

Snowpark

Snowpark is Snowflake's DataFrame API and runtime for Python, Java, and Scala --...

Unity Catalog

Unity Catalog is Databricks' unified governance layer for data and AI assets -- ...

Google BigQuery

Google BigQuery — Google Cloud's serverless, pay-per-query data warehouse.

Snowpipe

Snowpipe is Snowflake's continuous, file-based ingestion service -- the way most...

Amazon Redshift

Amazon Redshift — AWS's MPP columnar data warehouse.

Delta Lake (Databricks)

Delta Lake is the open-source table format Databricks built to give cloud object...

ETL & Data Integration

ETL and data integration tools move data from source systems into the warehouse ...

Fivetran

Fivetran is the dominant managed-connector service for moving data from SaaS app...

Informatica

Informatica is the legacy enterprise leader in data integration.

Matillion

Matillion is a cloud-native ETL/ELT platform with a visual GUI that pushes trans...

dbt

dbt (data build tool) is the de facto SQL-based transformation layer for the modern data stack.

Airbyte

Airbyte is the open-source challenger to Fivetran.

Stitch

Stitch was an early SaaS ELT service founded in 2016 from the ashes of RJMetrics.

Dashboards & BI

Business intelligence and dashboarding tools turn warehouse data into charts, da...

Tableau

Tableau is the original modern BI tool — the drag-and-drop visualization platfor...

Power BI

Microsoft Power BI is the largest BI tool in the world by user count, driven ent...

Looker

Looker is the BI tool that invented the modern semantic layer.

Amazon QuickSight

Amazon QuickSight is AWS's native cloud BI tool.

Sigma Computing

Sigma is the cloud-native BI tool that gives business users a spreadsheet interf...

ThoughtSpot

ThoughtSpot pioneered search-driven analytics — type a question, get a chart — a...

Apache Superset

Apache Superset is the dominant open-source BI tool.

Table Formats

Table formats like Apache Iceberg, Delta Lake, and Apache Hudi add database sema...

Apache Iceberg

Apache Iceberg is the open table format that won the lakehouse format war.

Delta Lake

Delta Lake is Databricks' open table format.

Apache Hudi

Apache Hudi is the streaming-first table format born at Uber.

Apache Parquet

Apache Parquet is the columnar file format that powers essentially every modern ...

Apache ORC

Apache ORC is the columnar file format born in the Hive ecosystem.

Apache Avro

Apache Avro is a row-based, schema-first data serialization format.

Query Engines & Virtualization

Query engines are the SQL brains that read data from somewhere else.

Trino

Trino is the open-source distributed SQL query engine forked from PrestoSQL in 2...

Dremio

Dremio is an open data lakehouse SQL engine built around Apache Iceberg, Apache ...

DuckDB

DuckDB is an embedded analytical database -- the SQLite of analytics.

Denodo

Denodo is the original enterprise data virtualization platform.

Presto

Presto is the original distributed SQL query engine built at Facebook in 2012.

Apache Hive

Apache Hive is the original SQL-on-Hadoop engine, built at Facebook in 2008.

Databricks Photon

Photon is Databricks' from-scratch C++ vectorized execution engine for SQL and DataFrame workloads.

Starburst / Trino (split)

This page has been split into two: Trino (the open-source distributed SQL query ...

Semantic Layer / Metrics

A semantic layer is the place where business definitions like 'revenue,' 'active...

AtScale

AtScale started as a virtual OLAP cube engine for Hadoop in 2013 and evolved int...

Cube

Cube is the leading open-source headless BI and semantic layer.

LookML

LookML is Looker's data modeling language, the proprietary file format that put ...

dbt Semantic Layer

The dbt Semantic Layer is dbt Labs' answer to LookML and Cube.

Transform (MetricFlow)

Transform was the headless metrics startup founded by ex-Airbnb engineers behind Minerva.

Data Catalog & Discovery

Data catalogs are the inventory and search layer for an organization's data.

Atlan

Atlan is a modern, design-first data catalog and collaboration platform founded ...

Alation

Alation is the established enterprise data catalog, founded in 2012 in Silicon Valley.

Collibra

Collibra is the European-born enterprise data governance giant, founded in 2008 in Brussels.

Select Star

Select Star is a modern, automated data catalog founded in 2020 and headquartered in San Francisco.

DataHub

DataHub is the open-source data catalog originally built at LinkedIn and now com...

Amundsen

Amundsen is the open-source data catalog originally built at Lyft in 2019.

Data Observability

Data observability platforms monitor data quality, freshness, schema changes, an...

Monte Carlo

Monte Carlo is the company that invented the data observability category in 2019.

Bigeye

Bigeye is a data observability platform built by the Uber data quality team.

Great Expectations

Great Expectations is the open-source data testing framework that defined the de...

Acceldata

Acceldata is an enterprise data observability platform that covers data quality,...

Workflow & Orchestration

Workflow orchestration tools schedule, monitor, and manage data pipelines as dir...

Apache Airflow

Apache Airflow is the dominant open-source workflow orchestrator.

Astronomer

Astronomer is the commercial company built around managed Apache Airflow.

Prefect

Prefect is a modern Python-native workflow orchestrator built on the philosophy ...

Dagster

Dagster is the modern, asset-oriented workflow orchestrator.

Event Streaming

Event streaming platforms move data as it happens, treating every change in your...

Apache Kafka

Apache Kafka is the dominant open-source event streaming platform.

Amazon Kinesis

Amazon Kinesis is AWS's managed event streaming service, launched in 2013 as Ama...

Confluent

Confluent is the commercial company founded in 2014 by Apache Kafka's original c...

Apache Pulsar

Apache Pulsar is a distributed messaging and streaming platform created at Yahoo in 2012-2013.

Upsolver

Upsolver is a streaming ETL platform founded in Tel Aviv in 2014 that turns SQL ...

StreamNative

StreamNative is the commercial company behind Apache Pulsar, founded in 2019 by ...

Redpanda

Redpanda is a Kafka-compatible streaming platform built from scratch in C++ by R...

Stream Processing

Stream processing engines compute on data while it is in motion -- transforming,...

Apache Flink

Apache Flink is the dominant open-source stream processing engine.

Materialize

Materialize is a streaming database that maintains SQL views incrementally as data changes.

ksqlDB

ksqlDB is Confluent's SQL interface for stream processing on top of Apache Kafka.

Ververica

Ververica is the original commercial company behind Apache Flink.

Decodable

Decodable is a modern managed Apache Flink platform founded in 2020 by Eric Samm...

Real-time Analytics

Real-time analytics databases are OLAP systems built to answer analytical querie...

ClickHouse

ClickHouse is the dominant real-time analytics database.

Apache Druid

Apache Druid is a real-time analytics database created at Metamarkets in 2011 by...

Apache Pinot

Apache Pinot is a real-time analytics database created at LinkedIn in 2013-2014 ...

Rockset

Rockset was a real-time analytics database founded in 2016 by ex-Facebook engine...

Storage Primitives

Cloud object storage and distributed file systems — the bottom layer of the mode...

Amazon S3

Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service) is the object storage service AWS launched in 2006.

Google Cloud Storage

Google Cloud Storage (GCS) is Google Cloud's object storage service.

Azure Blob Storage

Azure Blob Storage is Microsoft Azure's object storage service, launched in 2010.

HDFS

HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File System) was the distributed file system at the hea...

Data Lakehouse

The lakehouse architecture combines the flexibility of data lakes with the perfo...

Databricks Lakehouse Platform

The Databricks Lakehouse Platform is the actual product Databricks sells: a unif...

Reverse ETL

Reverse ETL tools sync data out of the warehouse and into the operational tools ...

Census

Census is one of the two original reverse ETL platforms, syncing modeled warehou...

Hightouch

Hightouch is the leading reverse ETL platform and the originator of the warehous...

Data Workspaces & Notebooks

Data workspaces are collaborative environments where analysts write SQL and Pyth...

Mode

Mode is the original collaborative SQL and Python notebook for analytics teams.

Hex

Hex is a collaborative, reactive data workspace for SQL and Python that has beco...

Deepnote

Deepnote is a cloud-hosted, real-time collaborative Jupyter notebook for data science teams.

DS/ML Platforms

ML platforms are end-to-end environments for training, deploying, and operating ...

Databricks ML

Databricks ML is the machine learning side of the Databricks lakehouse.

Amazon SageMaker

Amazon SageMaker is AWS's end-to-end machine learning platform, launched in 2017.

DataRobot

DataRobot is the AutoML pioneer that defined the enterprise machine learning cat...

Data Governance & Security

Data governance and security tools control who can see which data, how it is mas...

Collibra Governance

Collibra's Data Governance and Protect modules are the governance-first half of ...

Privacera

Privacera is the commercial data access governance platform founded in 2016 by t...

Immuta

Immuta is the leading pure-play data access governance platform, founded in 2015...

Vendors

Vendors are the companies that build and sell data tools.

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

AWS is the original public cloud and the dominant hyperscaler.

Google Cloud Platform

Google Cloud is the third-largest hyperscaler and home to BigQuery -- the most t...

Microsoft (Azure & Fabric)

Microsoft is the enterprise incumbent of the cloud era.

Starburst

Starburst is the commercial company built around Trino, the open-source distribu...

Salesforce

Salesforce became a major data ecosystem vendor by acquisition, not by building.

dbt Labs

dbt Labs (formerly Fishtown Analytics) is the company behind dbt -- the SQL-base...

Stack Overview

An opinionated map of the modern data stack, layer by layer, as TextQL sees it.

How to Read This Wiki

A guide to navigating the Data Ecosystem Wiki: what each section is for, how the...

TextQL in the Stack

TextQL Ana is an AI analyst that sits on top of the entire data stack — warehous...